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André Navarra
André-Nicolas Navarra (13 October 1911 Biarritz, France – 31 July 1988 Siena, Italy) was a French cellist and cello teacher.
==Early life==
He was born into a musical family, his father a bassist of Italian descent.〔"'Play From The Stomach, Not From The Heart'." ''Strad'' 122.1458 (2011): 56-60. ''Academic Search Premier.'' Web. 11 Mar. 2013.〕 His parents took steps to prepare him for music before setting him up with an instrument, teaching him scales and solfège before he began studying cello at age seven. Two years later, he was accepted as a student at the Toulouse Conservatory, and graduated in 1924 with first prize at age thirteen. He then continued his studies at the Conservatoire de Paris, learning cello from Jules-Leopold Loeb and chamber music from Charles Tournemire. He graduated two years later at age fifteen, again taking first prize.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Internet Cello Society )〕
After the completion of his lessons at the Conservatoire de Paris, Navarra stopped taking lessons entirely—something very unusual for first-rate soloists. Instead, he worked out his own course of study, and practiced at it. This included transcribing many of the violin technical methods to make up for a lack of decent cello études, including those of Carl Flesch and Otakar Ševčík.〔
Navarra remained in Paris for this period of self-study, and used the opportunity to meet and observe the playing of musicians such as Emanuel Feuermann, the pianist Alfred Cortot, and the violinist Jacques Thibaud. Navarra also developed friendships with composers Jacques Ibert, Florent Schmitt, and Arthur Honegger. Later on, he was mentored by Pablo Casals in regard to artistic matters.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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